Lessons in elementary chemistry : inorganic and organic / by Henry E. Roscoe.

Date:
1867
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Lessons in elementary chemistry : inorganic and organic / by Henry E. Roscoe. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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    XXXIX.] properly called Amido-benzol. The mode of preparing aniline from benzol has just been described, the reduction of nitro-benzol being generally effected by a mixture of iron filings and acetic acid. It may also be obtained by the action of potash on isatine (p. 342). C8 H5 N02 + 4 (KHO) = Cc H7 N + 2 (K2 C03) + H2. Isatine. Aniline. Potassium Carbonate. It is also found amongst the products of the destructive distillation of coal. Aniline is a colourless liquid, possessing a peculiar smell; its specific gravity at o° is 1 '036, and it boils at 1850. It is nearly insoluble in water, but dissolves in alcohol and ether; it unites with acids to form definite salts, but it does not turn red litmus paper blue. Crude aniline is manufactured now on a very large scale for the preparation of the so-called aniline colours, so generally used in calico-printing, and woollen and silk dyeing. The smallest trace of aniline may be easily detected by adding to an aqueous aniline solution an aqueous solution of an alkaline hypochlorite, when a splendid red colouration is formed : this is prepared in quantity by adding to aniline sulphate a dilute solution of potassium bichromate. This substance forms one of the important aniline colours, and is called mauvej it contains a base of complicated constitution, termed mauveine. The colour mauve can be prepared by many other methods ; the best of these is by heating aniline with a double chloride of sodium and copper. The other colouring matters derived from aniline are noticed on the next page. Aniline gives rise to a very large number of derivatives ; thus we have a series of compounds in which one or more atoms of hydrogen are replaced by ethyl and other radicals. We are also ac- quainted with di-amido benzol, thus : Ce H6 (NH2) C0 H4 2 (NHa) Aniline or Amido-benzol. Di-amido-bcnzol. Z