Volume 1

The nature of radioactive fallout and its effects on man : Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radiation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States, Eighty-fifth Congress, first session on the nature of radioactive fallout and its effects on man May 27, 28, 29, and June 3, 1957.

  • United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy.
Date:
1957-1958
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The nature of radioactive fallout and its effects on man : Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radiation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States, Eighty-fifth Congress, first session on the nature of radioactive fallout and its effects on man May 27, 28, 29, and June 3, 1957. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    C. The effect of the type of burst on the radiation and radioactivity resulting aia on the fallout produced : 1. Air bursts. 2. Ground or surface bursts. 8. Underground bursts. 4. Underwater bursts. VI. Atmospheric transport, storage, and removal of particulate iiipasione (oral, inserts, bibliography). A. The types of fallout defined and described, and the conditions under which each type is produced—physical charaeteristics of particles, cloud formation, condensation, ete. B. Local fallout: 1. The predictability of local fallout : a. Theory of predicting fallout. b. Models of radioactivity within the cloud (both Nevada and PPG), dependence on type and yield of weapon and type of scavenging material. @: Meteorological transport, examples of fallout under different winds, and in massive attacks. d. Uncertainties in model and meteorology. e. Weathering and redeposition of particles. f. Decay. 2. Observed patterns of local fallout: a. Patterns of external radiation in Nevada and the PPG. b. Radiation levels as a function of time. Radiation dose to unpro- tected persons as a function of time of fallout from fallout. e. Fractions of fallout observed locally. d. Factors affecting patterns of fallout. e. Physical, chemical, and radiochemical properties. f. Deposition of toxic materials. C. Intermediate and delayed fallout: 1. The production and distribution of fallout in the atmosphere: a. Dependence on height of burst, yield, type of explosion, and scavenging material. b. Observed or inferred physical, chemical and radiochemical prop- erties, with special reference to fractionation. ce. Division of material: (local), tropospheric, and stratospheric; de- termining conditions. 2. Transport through and removal from the atmosphere: a. The stratosphere: (1) Transport, mixing, possible methods of removal. (2) Storage time; cumulative worldwide fallout as a function of time; predictions of future fallout from single event; from past weapons tests. (3) Sources of information; measurements and estimates of radioactivity in stratosphere. b. The troposphere: (1) Tropospheric removal processes; storage time: (a) Precipitation, interception, dry deposition. (2) Possible regions of unusual removal (fallout) because of meteorology or topography: (a) Exposure to prevailing winds and the sometimes accom- panying effect, orographic rainfall. (o) Effect of large bodies of water on the distribution of fallout on adjoining land areas. (3) Meteorological tracking and other discussion of transport. 8. Observed deposition on the ground: a. Geographical distribution ; dependence on physical factors b. Physical, chemical, and radiochemical properties, with special reference to fractionation. c. Measurement techniques and limitations of the data: (1) gummed paper, (2) gauze, (3) pots, collection of rainfall, and (4) soil samples. 4. Quantitative predictions of future fallout: a. From past tests. b. From future tests.