On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons.

  • Windle, Bertram C. A. (Bertram Coghill Alan), 1858-1929.
Date:
1897
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    Laurillard (XIX.)- I’l Ursitlas there are tliree heads in U. mariiimus (45), lour in U, americnnus (49). Among the Procyonida), Frocyon has already been alluded to. Cercolejites (Gl) has four heads. The Mustelida? are remarkable for having an extra head, rising from the angle of the scapula and joining the rest of the muscle in the lower part of the arm, to he inserted into the inner side of the olecranon. This head was noticed in Gcdictis vitiala (63), Q. barhara^ (G4), Mustela putorivs (65), M. foma (66), Ictonycc lyhica (70), Mdes taa~us (72), and Lntra vulgaris (74, 75, 7(5). The insertion of the triceps is into the upper internal and external surfaces of the olecranon process. Anconeus.—This muscle is large and triangular and is always closely connected with the lower part of the triceps: its base rises from the back of the external condyle and supracondylar ridge, while the truncated apex is inserted into the outer side of the olecranon process. The muscle is evidently present in all the Carnivora, and only varies in size and in the degree of its fusion with the triceps. Epitroclileo-anconeus (Anconeus internus).—The epitrochleo- anconeus is a most constant muscle in Carnivora. It is described by Gruber in a good many animals besides those in our list. It is a round muscle which passes from the back of the internal condyle to the inner side of the olecranon, lying superficial to the ulnar nerve by which it is supplied. Pronator radii teres.—This muscle rises from in front of, and just above, the internal condyle and passes obliquely to the side of the radius farthest from the ulna. There is never any sign of a deep head. The position of the uisertion of the muscle seems to be of some interest from a systematic point of viewu In the I’elidae it is inserted about the middle of the radius in F. ho (1«), F. tigris (3), and F. catus (6). In Cyncelurus, Eoss (lA^.) describes it as reaching to within 2 inches of the lower end, and from its insertion a small tendinous prolongation extends to the palmar fascia. In the Yiverridse the insertion is rather variable; in Cryptoprocta (10), Viverra civetta (12), and Hemigalea (XI.) it goes to the lower half, while in Viverra civetta (13), Genetta (17,18), and Herpestes (24) it goes to the middle. In Proteles (25) it is very small and is inserted about the middle. Among the Hyaenidae, Hycena striata (26, 27, 28) and H. crocuta (29) closely resemble l^roteles. In the Canidae the muscle is small and is usually inserted above the middle of the radius ; this is the case in Canis familiaris (31, 39), C. aureus (41), and C. vulpes (42), while in Lycaonpictus (44) it goes to the middle. In the Ursiclae we have recorcls of three specimens of Ursus americanus (48,49, 52) and one of U. arctos (47) ; in all of these the insertion was into the lower end of the radius. Among the Procyonidao it went to the middle of the radius in tjiree specimens of Frocyon (53, 54, 57), but Meckel describes it as going to the lower end of the bone in that animal (XXXIX.). ^ }'idc clcseriplion of T)orso-ppilrochlcnris on p. 380. [26]