The biology of mental defect / by Lionel S. Penrose ; with a preface by J.B.S. Haldane.

  • Penrose, L. S. (Lionel Sharples)
Date:
[1954]
Catalogue details

Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Credit: The biology of mental defect / by Lionel S. Penrose ; with a preface by J.B.S. Haldane. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    13/342 (page IX)
    CONTENTS PREFACE FOREWORD CHAPTER I Historical Background Introduction—Early History—Extension of the Concept of Defect— The Advent of Mental Measurements—Comparative Nomenclature— Mental Defect as Social Incompetence—Defect and Instability—The Biological Viewpoint CHAPTER II Incidence, Definition and Measurement Crude Incidence—The British Royal Commission of 1904—The Men¬ tal Deficiency Acts—The Survey of 1929—Comparison with other Surveys—Distribution of Intelligence Test Scores—Mole and Female Distributions—Intelligence and its Measurement—Cultural Differ¬ ences in Intelligence—Sense Deprivation—Physical Measurements— Head Size and Brain Weight—General Physique—Stigmata of Degeneration—Mental Defect and Socio-economic Status—Military Criterion of Defect CHAPTER III Principles of Classification Traditional Dichotomies—Pathological and Subcultural Defect— Medical Grouping of Institutional Cases—Institutional Samples— Mental Defect and Biological Fitness—Fertility of Lower-grade Defectives—Fertility of Higher-grade Defectives—Family Data on the two Groups—Parental Consanguinity and Grade of Patient— Summary of Dichotomies CHAPTER IV Problems of Causation Nature and Nurture—Gene Mutation—Germ Plasm Injury—Anticipa¬ tion—Mutation and Selection—Rare Dominant Genes—Irregularity of Manifestation—Rare Recessive Genes—Additive Genes—Sex- linked Genes—Rarer Types of Inheritance—Maternal Genetical Influences—Maternal Environment—Intranatal Environment—Post¬ natal Environment—Methods of Distinguishing between Nature and Nurture—Intelligence of Twin Pairs—Evidence from Children in Foster Homes CHAPTER V Methods of Analysis in Human Genetics General Principles—Association and Dissociation of Characters in the Same Person—Linkage—Gene Frequency—Deviations from Random Mating in Man—Parental Consanguinity Formula—Multifactorial Genetics in Man—Correlation Coefficients between Relatives of ix